HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF KYRGYZSTAN’S ENCLAVES AND THEIR CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS

Authors

  • Oripov Bahodir Olimjon o‘g‘li Fergana State University, Faculty of History, History Program E-mail: bahodiroripov005@gmail.com Author

Keywords:

Kyrgyzstan, enclave, Vorukh, Batken, border conflicts, water resources, delimitation, demarcation, Central Asia, geopolitics, territorial disputes, regional security.

Abstract

This article analyzes the history of the formation of enclaves located within the territory of Kyrgyzstan and the contemporary problems associated with them. The study examines the Soviet-era policy of national-territorial delimitation that led to the emergence of these enclaves, as well as border disputes and their present-day consequences. Furthermore, the article explores the impact of enclaves on regional security, economic cooperation, and interstate relations based on scholarly sources.

References

1. Shohista Akmal qizi Xudayberdiyeva. “Enclaves in Central Asia: History and Contemporary Problems” // Master’s Research, University of World Economy and Diplomacy. – Tashkent, 2023. – P. 36.

2. Border Issues in Kyrgyzstan and Political Struggles // Mountain Societies Research Institute Research Paper. – University of Central Asia, 2013. – P. 9.

3. Kurmanalieva, Gulzana. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Endless Border Conflicts // EUCACIS Online Paper. – No. 4. – Berlin: Centre international de formation européenne (CIFE), February 2019. – P. 4–6.

4. Border Issues in Kyrgyzstan and Political Struggles // Mountain Societies Research Institute Research Paper. – University of Central Asia. – Research Paper No. 2, 2015. – P. 10–11.

5. Toktomushev, Kemel. “Understanding Cross-Border Conflict in Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Case of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan” // Connections: The Quarterly Journal. – Vol. 17, No. 1. – 2018. – P. 27.

6. Eschment, Beate. “Spiralling Violence on the Borders in the Fergana Valley?” // ZOiS Spotlight. – No. 26/2021. – Berlin: Centre for East European and International Studies (ZOiS), 7 July 2021.

7. Turgunbaeva, Aigerim. “Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan Resolve Final Border Dispute: A Historic but Fragile Peace” // Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst. – Washington, D.C.: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, 15 May 2025.

8. Gabdulhakov, R., Antonov, O., & Kyzy, E. The Tajikistan–Kyrgyzstan Border Conflict: Social Media Discourses and Lived Experiences. – Washington, D.C.: The Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs, 2023. – P. 14–15.

9. Valieva, Svetlana. “Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan: Land and Water Conflicts” // Climate Diplomacy. – 15 January 2014.

10. Jungwirth, Tomas. “Border Brawl: Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan’s Battle for Territory” // Centre for Security Analyses and Prevention (CBAP). – Prague, 10 May 2024.

11. Banáš, Filip. Sousedé na ostří nože – konflikt mezi Kyrgyzstánem a Tádžikistánem // Security Outlines. – 18 September 2022.

12. Zipatolla, S.K., Kenzhegali, Zh.M., & Khurramov, M. “The Kyrgyz–Tajik Border Conflict: Causes and Consequences” // Bulletin of the Karaganda University. – Karaganda, 2024. – P. 74.

Downloads

Published

31.05.2026

How to Cite

HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF KYRGYZSTAN’S ENCLAVES AND THEIR CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS. (2026). EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND THEORETICAL RESEARCH, 2(5), 136-142. https://innojournals.my.id/index.php/eijastr/article/view/83

Similar Articles

1-10 of 11

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.