Unresolved Questions in Cuprate Superconductivity: Mechanism, Pseudogap, and Intertwined Orders
Keywords:
cuprate superconductors; pseudogap; charge order; strange metal; high-Tc superconductivity;Abstract
Cuprate superconductors remain the central platform for studying high-temperature superconductivity, yet no single theory explains all major experimental observations. This mini-review summarizes four unresolved issues that continue to define the field: (i) the microscopic origin of pairing, (ii) the physical meaning of the pseudogap, (iii) the relationship between superconductivity and charge order, and (iv) the origin of strange-metal transport and the collapse of superconductivity on the overdoped side. The literature supports a picture in which strong electronic correlations are essential, while spin, charge, lattice, and topology-related effects remain entangled rather than fully separable. The main conclusion is that cuprate superconductivity should be treated as an emergent phenomenon of a doped correlated oxide, not as a simple extension of conventional BCS superconductivity.
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