EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS
ABOUT THE JOURNAL European International Journal of Advanced Research and Innovations ( ISSN(E): 2770-8125 ) is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research articles, review papers, and innovative scientific findings in various fields of science. The journal aims to promote the development of interdisciplinary scientific research and create a platform for scientists, researchers, and academicians from different countries to exchange knowledge and experience.
PRAGMATIC-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF LINGUISTIC UNITS EXPRESSING GENDER CONTENT IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK MARKETING TEXTS
This article explores the pragmatic and semantic characteristics of linguistic units that express gender content in English and Uzbek marketing texts. The research focuses on the comparative analysis of gender-oriented vocabulary, persuasive expressions, stylistic devices, and communicative strategies used in advertising discourse. The study investigates how language reflects social perceptions of masculinity and femininity and how these representations influence consumer behavior and marketing effectiveness. Particular attention is paid to the cultural and pragmatic differences between English and Uzbek advertising texts, as well as the role of gender stereotypes in shaping marketing communication. The article also discusses the increasing use of gender-neutral language in modern advertising practices. The findings contribute to the fields of pragmalinguistics, gender linguistics, discourse analysis, and intercultural communication.
gender content, marketing discourse, pragmatics, semantics, advertising language, gender stereotypes, linguistic analysis, persuasive communication, discourse strategies, consumer behavior, intercultural communication, English marketing texts, Uzbek marketing texts, pragmalinguistics, gender linguistics.
AESTHETIC PERCEPTION IN THE POSTMODERN WORLD: THE PHILOSOPHY OF VIRTUAL REALITY AND VISUAL CULTURE
This article analyzes the transformation of the aesthetic perception in the context of postmodern society philosophically, the format of visual culture, and the influence of the philosophy of virtual reality on human thinking. The study reveals the contemporary aesthetic of the new form of thinking based on the concepts of postmodernism, theo simulacra, media philosophy, and digital aesthetics. In addition, the impact of youth on the platform and virtual communications visual consciousness, aesthetic taste and cultural identity is examined.
postmodernism, aesthetic perception, visual culture, virtual reality, media philosophy, hyperreality, simulacrum, digital aesthetics.
THE SEDENTARIZATION PROCESS OF NOMADIC KIPCHAKS IN THE FERGANA VALLEY (SECOND HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY)
This article provides a comprehensive study of the sedentarization of nomadic Qipchaq communities in the Fergana Valley during the second half of the nineteenth century — the initial decades following the incorporation of the Fergana Oblast into the Russian Empire (1876). The research draws on unpublished documents from state archives in Russia and Uzbekistan, Russian administrative statistics, and ethnographic sources. Three principal drivers of sedentarization are identified: the confiscation of pasturelands, taxation policy, and the expansion of irrigated agriculture. The article also analyses how the sedentarization process affected the ethnic identity of nomadic communities.
Qipchaqs, Fergana Valley, sedentarization, nomadism, Russian colonialism, ethnic identity, pasturelands, nineteenth century.
Shamshidinov Bakhriddin Sharobiddin o‘g‘li
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT THINKING THROUGH THE CASE-METHOD APPROACH
This article examines the role of the case-method approach in developing students’ independent thinking skills. In modern education, fostering learners’ ability to analyze situations, make decisions, and think critically is considered a key objective. The case-method, as an interactive teaching strategy, provides real-life scenarios that encourage students to engage actively in problem-solving processes. The study highlights the effectiveness of this method in enhancing students’ intellectual abilities, creativity, and decision-making skills.
case-method, independent thinking, students, critical thinking, problem-solving, education, interactive learning
PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPING THE CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF STUDENTS STUDYING IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION FIELDS
The study analyzes modern pedagogical strategies, including project-based learning, interdisciplinary collaboration, and digital tools, that contribute to fostering students’ creative thinking. This article explores the development of creative abilities among students pursuing technical specialties in higher education. It highlights the importance of creativity as a critical component in engineering and technological innovation. The article also discusses international practices and the integration of creativity into technical curricula to prepare students for complex problem-solving in real-world contexts.
engineering students, innovation, creative thinking, creative abilities, technical education, problem-solving, pedagogy, interdisciplinary learning, digital tools, project-based learning
This article explores the main ideas of postmodern philosophy and its impact on contemporary intellectual discourse. Postmodernism is analyzed as a philosophical movement that challenges classical notions of truth, reason, and universal meaning. The study highlights key concepts such as relativism, deconstruction, fragmentation of identity, and the rejection of grand narratives. It also examines how postmodern thought reshapes the understanding of knowledge, language, and reality in modern society. The findings suggest that postmodern philosophy does not provide fixed answers but instead emphasizes plurality, uncertainty, and interpretative openness.
postmodernism, philosophy, relativism, deconstruction, identity, knowledge, truth, language, modern society, discourse.
Digital Hypertext Reading and Nonlinear Processing in EFL
The expansion of digital technologies has significantly transformed reading practices in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Unlike traditional print reading, digital hypertext reading is characterized by nonlinearity, multimodality, and reader-controlled navigation. In hypertext environments, learners move across linked nodes, evaluate information, and construct meaning through selective pathways rather than through fixed linear sequences. This shift introduces both opportunities and challenges for EFL learners. On the one hand, hypertext can promote learner autonomy, motivation, access to authentic materials, and interactive meaning-making. On the other hand, nonlinear processing may increase cognitive load, fragment attention, and hinder comprehension, especially for learners with limited language proficiency or insufficient digital reading strategies. This article examines the nature of digital hypertext reading in EFL and explores how nonlinear processing affects comprehension. It argues that successful hypertext reading depends on an interaction among linguistic proficiency, prior knowledge, strategic competence, and the design of the digital environment. Drawing on studies of digital reading, online strategy use, and cognitive processing, the article suggests that EFL pedagogy should explicitly teach students how to navigate hypertext, evaluate links, synthesize dispersed information, and regulate online reading behavior. The article concludes that digital reading instruction should move beyond print-based models and incorporate the distinct cognitive and strategic demands of hypertext environments.
EFL reading, digital reading, hypertext, nonlinear processing, online reading strategies, cognitive load
THE ARTISTIC POETICS OF MURRAY BAIL’S EUCALYPTUS
. This article examines the artistic poetics of Murray Bail’s Eucalyptus as a distinctive contribution to contemporary Australian fiction. The study argues that the novel’s poetics emerge through the interaction of taxonomy, spatial precision, fairy-tale structure, and narrative self-consciousness. Rather than representing the Australian landscape as merely hostile, sublime, or burdensome, Bail transforms it into a field of naming, classification, and imaginative contest. The article focuses on three major dimensions of the novel: the poetics of taxonomy, the aesthetic function of landscape, and the tension between patriarchal order and storytelling freedom. It is argued that Eucalyptus constructs a literary world in which scientific classification and imaginative narration do not simply oppose one another; instead, they produce the novel’s central artistic energy. Bail’s prose is also notable for its formal restraint, visual clarity, and ironic reworking of inherited narrative patterns. Through these features, Eucalyptus reshapes the Australian novel by combining botanical discourse, romance, metafiction, and cultural reflection into a highly original poetic form.
Murray Bail, Eucalyptus, Australian literature, poetics, taxonomy, landscape
DIGITAL TRADE BARRIERS AND THEIR EFFECT ON DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
The rapid expansion of the digital economy has introduced a new class of trade barriers — data localization mandates, regulatory asymmetries, platform gatekeeping, and payment infrastructure exclusions — that disproportionately constrain developing economies. Unlike traditional tariffs, these barriers operate invisibly yet systematically, limiting market access, suppressing digital exports, and widening the global economic divide. This paper examines the nature and economic consequences of digital trade barriers across developing regions, analyzes existing multilateral frameworks, and argues for reform that centers equitable digital participation as a prerequisite for sustainable economic development.Digital trade, born in the context of digitisation, is an emerging model based on digital technology and realised through the digitisation of trade methods and trade objects. While solving the limitations of time and space, digital trade barriers have also emerged, which have become a major obstacle in the process of economic globalisation.
Digital trade barriers, developing economies, data localization, regulatory asymmetry, digital market access, multilateral trade frameworks, platform gatekeeping, cross-border data flows, digital protectionism, e-commerce exclusion, WTO digital trade, fintech infrastructure, bandwidth inequality.
ANILINE AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
This article comprehensively discusses the chemical structure, physicochemical properties, methods of obtaining aniline, and its significance in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, the role of aniline derivatives in modern pharmaceutical technologies is analyzed. The results of the study show that aniline is an important intermediate product in pharmaceutical chemistry and is used as a primary raw material in the synthesis of many medicinal drugs.
aniline, aromatic amines, acetanilide, sulfanilamide, pharmaceutical chemistry, drug synthesis, organic chemistry, pharmaceutical technology.
DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK VERBS
This article explores the key differences and similarities between English and Uzbek verbs by comparing their grammatical features, structures, and functions. The study highlights how both languages categorize verbs according to tense, aspect, and modality, while also showing essential distinctions in verb formation and usage. Special attention is given to the ways English relies on auxiliary verbs and fixed word order, whereas Uzbek verbs express meaning through rich suffixation and flexible sentence structure. The findings aim to provide a clearer understanding of how verb systems operate in each language and to support further comparative linguistic research.
English verbs, Uzbek verbs, verb classification, tense and aspect, verb formation, suffixation, auxiliary verbs, agglutinative language
Task-Based Learning in English Language Teaching: A Practical Method for Developing Communication Skills
Task-based learning has become one of the most practical and learner-oriented approaches in modern English language teaching. Unlike traditional methods that focus mainly on memorization and explanation, task-based learning places students in situations where they must use language for a clear purpose. This article discusses the methodological basis of task-based learning, its main advantages, and its relevance for teaching English to university students. The paper also describes how carefully designed tasks can improve speaking, writing, listening, and interaction skills while increasing learner confidence. At the same time, the article notes that successful implementation requires thoughtful planning, flexible classroom management, and a balance between accuracy and communication.
task-based learning, English language teaching, methodology, communicative skills, learner-centered instruction
Similarities and Differences in English and Uzbek Proverbs: A Linguacultural Study
From a linguistic standpoint, this article examines the parallels and discrepancies between proverbs in Uzbek and English. As a reflection of a country's beliefs, customs, and worldview, proverbs are regarded as an integral component of cultural heritage. The study looks at the semantic, structural, and cultural elements of proverbs in both languages using comparative and contextual analysis. The study identifies both culturally specific traits influenced by historical and social situations and universal human ideals like wisdom, morality, and hard effort. The results show that Uzbek proverbs are frequently more emotive and metaphorical than English proverbs, which are typically more succinct and straightforward. Through paremiology, this study advances our understanding of the connection between language and culture.
proverb, linguaculture, comparative analysis, English language, Uzbek language, culture, semantics
IMPROVEMENT OF FINANCING MECHANISMS OF AGRIBUSINESS SUBJECTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR EFFICIENCY
This article examines the current state of financing of agribusiness entities, which is considered a strategic sector of the Uzbek economy, its systemic problems, and promising directions. The specific features of the agricultural production process, in particular the impact of seasonality, natural risks, and long production cycles on the distribution of financial resources, were analyzed. The article studies the dynamics of lending, subsidizing and leasing mechanisms based on statistical data for 2020–2024, and proposes innovative approaches to ensuring financial stability in the sector, such as “warehouse receipts” and agroinsurance.
agribusiness, financial resources, reproduction, agricredit, leasing, subsidy, financial risks, food security.
THE COLLISION OF SPECULATE TO THE HUMANKIND ACCORDING TO THE BEHAVIOURAL POINT OF VIEW
Speculate is one of the behavioural issues raising a great deal of discussion. A portion of the inquiries raised incorporate these; for what reason do individuals bet? Is there a connection among wrongdoing and betting? What effect does it have to the general public and the person? Is it moral in any case? Austin Fagothey while managing the agreements of chance focused on that, however betting isn't in itself behaviourally off-base, it is so open to genuine maltreatment thus it ought to be totally controlled. It is inside this view that the creator will answer a portion of the brought up issues about betting and afterward contend that betting, if not confined, has an extreme effect on the general public and to the person.
Collision, Speculate, Humankind, Behavioural, Point, View.
TERCEDING COMPONENT FOR THE PROVIDING OF STRUCTURED COMMERCIAL MINISTRATION
The review depends on the appraisal of interceding component for the arrangement of monetary administrations in the City of Tshwane. Monetary discipline, great administration and administration conveyance rely upon how much reasonablemonetary, examining and bookkeeping strategies are executed by finance representatives working for the City of Tshwane. The point of study was to clarify the connection between the level of adherence toward the South African Municipal Finance Management and the level of consumer loyalty with the nature of metropolitan administrations that are given to clients in the City of Tshwane. Information was gathered from a defined arbitrary example of 146 representatives of the City of Tshwane who were liable for offering monetary types of assistance to cutomers. Information was gathered by utilizing an organized, pre-tried and approved survey of study. Measurable strategies, for example, recurrence tables, cross-tab investigations and logit examination were utilized for performing information examinations. Effectiveness in monetary administration was evaluated by surveying the level of adherence of representatives to the Muncipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) in view of a composite list characterized by Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O'Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip and Wuster. The review showed that 89% of the 146 workers who were chosen for the review exhibited satisfactory adherence to the Act, while 11% of representatives neglected to do as such by similar norms. The investigation discovered that the level of adherence of workers to the MFMA was fundamentally affected by 3 variables. These 3 elements were level of abilities in monetary bookkeeping and reviewing, length of administration, and level of occupation fulfillment, in a diminishing request of solidarity. The outcomes likewise showed that there was a genuinely huge relationship between the nature of monetary and reviewing administrations that were given to clients and the level of adherence to the Muncipal Finance Management Act.
City of Tshwane, Mediating component, Commercial administrations, Odds proportion.
NETWORK EXECUTION OF VARIOUS ENCRYPTION AND CONFIRMATION CALCULATION
The recently utilized IPv4 doesn't manage the issue of IPsec. It intrinsically gives no security to information communicated across networks. Indeed, even no respectability and encryption calculations were utilized. As of now, IPsec is utilized broadly by essentially all security sellers. It is the essential security convention utilized in Virtual Confidential Organizations; IPsec was characterized in RFC 2401. The targets are to dissect whether the IPsec VPNs design with assortment of encryption (3DES, Blowfish and AES) and verification (HMAC-MD5, HAMCSHA1) calculations and to look at their TCP and UDP throughput and solicitation/reaction time on the organization and figure out the ideal arrangement among these calculation in view of their exhibition in IPsec empower network traffic.
WASTE MOISTEN RECEPTION BY EMPLOYEE HYDRODYNAMIC SCHEME
On account of fast industrialization andthe general dealing with headways embraced by the undertakings to fulfill the solicitations of genuinely creating peoples, the waste moisten emerging from this endeavors are not sufficiently treated by the normal techniques and this half treated spouting are directly conveyed into the environment. Accordingly there is a need to familiar recent fad setting advancement with treat the waste moisten and in this work the hydrodynamic hydrodynamic procedure is picked to treat this waste moisten and the results gained are differentiated and the standard methodology.
Hydrodynamic hydrodynamic, Modern Wastemoisten reception, Complete Disintegrate Solids, Fluid Per Millions.
A study of 25 years of publication outputs in the German academic profession
. In the weak evaluation state of Germany, full professors are involved in the traditional social governance partnership between the state, and the self-governing higher education institutions (HEI) and disciplinary associations. Literature suggests that formal and informal governance could trigger changes in academics’ publication behavior by valorizing certain publication outputs. In the article, secondary data from three surveys (1992, 2007 and 2018) is used for a multi-level study of the evolution of academics’ publication behavior. We find a trend toward the “model” of natural science publication behavior across all disciplines. On the organizational level, we observe that a strong HEI research performance orientation is positively correlated with journal articles, peer-reviewed publications, and co-publications with international co-authors. HEI performance-based funding is only positively correlated with the share of peer-reviewed publications. At the level of individual disciplines, humanities and social sciences scholars adapt to the peer-reviewed journal publication paradigm of the natural sciences at the expense of book publications. Considering how the academic profession is organized around reputation and status, it seems plausible that the academic profession and its institutional oligarchy are key contexts for the slow but steady change of academics’ publication behavior. The trend of changing academics’ publication behavior is partly related to HEI valorization of performance and (to a lesser extent) to HEI performance based-funding schemes, which are set by the strong academic profession in the weak evaluation state of Germany.
Academic profession • Germany as weak evaluation state • Valorization of performance • Performance-based funding • Publication outputs. JEL Classification D73 • I23 • I28 • O35 • O38
SERRATE FUNDAMENTALLYBASED EXAMINATION OF ASPHALT STIR MIX
Asphalt Serrate is one among the first normal and harming asphalt still up in the air in adaptable asphalts that is essentially a result of shaft hundreds that surpass legitimate cutoff and high close temperatures and conjointly unfortunate join style is one among the explanation for Serrate. The powerful expansion in rush hour gridlock volume all through past couple of many years has brought about untimely asphalt disappointments of practically the complete street structure in Netherland. During this situation it's an ideal opportunity to investigate this downside and propose appropriate goal. Actual properties of totals and hydrocarbon were assessed inside the research facility. Marshall, Super clear and Stone Mastic Black-top (SMA) were assessed by playing creep check, backhanded elastic check and dynamic modulus to actually take a look at the presentation of mix underneath winning burden and natural states of Netherland. The review unconcealed that super clear mix performed higher than Marshall and SMA.
WOMEN'S LIBERATION AND CIVILIZATION AS EQUIVALENTLY CORRELATED CONVICTION
It is an axiom that no man can live effectively in separation of individual men. This striking truth portrays the way that man is a social being who can just make due inside the atmosphere of the general public. The littlest unit of the general public anyway is the family which is the connection between a man and a lady. The general public will work well where both genders assumes its parts enough. All together for the ladies to sufficiently released their commitment in a given civilization and contribute their own amount is the cognizance behind the development called women's liberation. The focal point of this paper is to look at the idea of woman's rights and its capacities in the public eye. Endeavor is made to feature the complicated connection among civilization and women's liberation. Women's liberation and civilization are multi-dimensional ideas and this record for the presence of a few meanings of these ideas. This regardless, a few definitions pertinent to the topic of this paper will be given. Thepaper is separated into various parts. The presentation comprises the initial segment. Applied explanation of woman's rights will be given in the subsequent part. The third part thinks about the idea of civilization. The job of women's liberation in the public eye or cultural improvement is examined in the fourth part. The rundown or end is introduced in the last part.
Civilization, Feminism, Development, Gender, Rights
An English translation of the paper of Max Planck (1943) about “Zur Geschichte der Au ndung des physikalischen Wirkungsquantums: or: :The history of the discovery of the physical quantum of action” to provide a readable version of the German content.
Since the appearance of the elementary quantum of action marks the beginning of a new epoch in physical science, I feel the need and the obligation towards the physicists of a later generation to describe in a summarising presentation, to the best of my knowledge, the repeatedly tortuous path by which I arrived at the calculation of this universal constant, as it is reected in my memory.
Information extraction from German radiological reports for general clinical text and language understanding
Recent advances in deep learning and natural language processing (NLP) have opened many new opportunities for automatic text understanding and text processing in the medical field. This is of great benefit as many clinical downstream tasks rely on information from unstructured clinical documents. However, for low-resource languages like German, the use of modern text processing applications that require a large amount of training data proves to be difficult, as only few data sets are available mainly due to legal restrictions. In this study, we present an information extraction framework that was initially pre-trained on real-world computed tomographic (CT) reports of head examinations, followed by domain adaptive fine-tuning on reports from different imaging examinations. We show that in the pre-training phase, the semantic and contextual meaning of one clinical reporting domain can be captured and effectively transferred to foreign clinical imaging examinations. Moreover, we introduce an active learning approach with an intrinsic strategic sampling method to generate highly informative training data with low human annotation cost. We see that the model performance can be significantly improved by an appropriate selection of the data to be annotated, without the need to train the model on a specific downstream task. With a general annotation scheme that can be used not only in the radiology field but also in a broader clinical setting, we contribute to a more consistent labeling and annotation process that also facilitates the verification and evaluation of language models in the German clinical setting.